Process of welding.



DELANEY Annamaria-tin, or rounesrown, 0310.

, PROCESS or wnnnme.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, DELANEY ARnwRror-rr, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing at-Youngstown, in thecounty of Mahoning and State of Ohio, have invented a new and usefulProcess of Welding, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improve-' ments. in ap'rocess of(as'above), and the primary object of the invention is the production ofa process, whereby high speed or tool steel, containing tungsten andsilicon, is readily and efliciently welded or connected to a softer orless expensive steel, or iron, a' mixture of ferromanganese, as isusually employed to increase the density' and hardness of steel, andferrous carbonate, being employed in such process, and.

assisting in forming as will later appear the connecting element.

\Vith the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as thedescription proceeds, the invention resides in the combination andarrangement of parts and in the detailsof construction hereinafterdescribed and claimed, it being understood that changes in the preciseembodiment of theinvention herein disclosed can be made within the scopeof what is claimed without departing from thespirit of the invention.

In carrying out this'invention, a mixture of ferromanganese (pulverized)66%, fer-' rous carbonate (pulverized) 33%%, are em- The processbeginning with its initial step is as follows :A piece ofhigh speed ortool steel, or self hardening tool steel, and thepiece of soft steel oriron to which the hard steel is to be welded, arecleaned in any suitablemanner at the point for union. The softer steel, or iron is placed on ananvil, or any available place and the compound composed of pulverizedferromanganese and ferrous carbonate is now spread upon the cleanedsurface of the softer steel or iron. The piece of high speed or toolsteel is now placed upon the soft steel or iron withthe welding compoundinterposed. The two pieces of metal, thus positioned, are placed in asuitable furnace,

and are subjected to a temperature of ap-.

Specification Letters Patent. Application filed any as, 1912. .Serial mt711,725.

Patented Feb. 4,1913.

2500 degrees Fahr., so that tool steel is forming with the compound andthe softer steel or iron, an intermediate or graduated metal fused orhomogeneous with the high speed or tool steel and such soft steel oriron. This uniting or fusing action is accomplished without the use ofthe usual oorax flux, and atthe exceedingly high temperature,approximately 2500 degrees Fahri;

this result is accomplished with the pulverized compound and renders theemployment of the usual iron insert unnecessary. After these metals havebeen-heated to the desired temperature, they are removed from thefurnace, and either set aside to cool, or are placed under pressure. Ithas been found that the two pieces of metal are united," for allpurposes, by the heat and that the pressure is not absolutely necessary.

' The ferromanganese employed is the manganese alloy usually employed toincrease the density and hardness of steel; andthe ferrous carbonateemployed is in the form of an ore, both elements being readily obtained,but having been demonstrated by practice tobe highly eiiicient informing in reality a graduation in the grade of metals from the softsteel or iron stock to the high speed or tool steel, the same'forming aconnection of such homogeneity as to make it possible to use anexceedingly small piece of the expensive high speed or tool steel with asoft steel or iron su porting medium. By this means the resu tingelement is especially adapted for use in cutting chilled steel rolls, itbeingpossible with the process to connect the high speed or tool steelto a softer metal stock, where great tensile and compressive strength isnecessary, and where the high speed or tool steel stock would be toobrittle and too expensive.

With the use of the above compound, the

connectionof the soft steel or iron with the high speed or tool steel,in its broadest sense, is not a weld, but a brazing or.

fusion between the two metals, the ferromanganese and ferrous carbonatebeing abi sorbed or otherwise acting upon the adjacent faces of the twometals, to produce a fusion at such point; the fusion therebetweenproducing a connection that will dispense with the usual in-- sertofsoft iron, generally used and atthe same time reduce the cost of thewelding process. In other words, it is a fact that the mixture of thepulverized ferromang'anese' and the pulverized ferrous carbonate roducean agent that displaces the soft iron insert usually employed, and dueto it's pulverized state readily fuses under such intense heat of 2500degrees Fahn, to make in reality an insert of metal of a grade betweenthe expensive hi h speed or tool steel and the inexpensive so t steel oriron.

The analysis of the ferromanganese, as preferably employed in thisprocess, contains 41.25% metallic. manganese, while the ferrouscarbonate-contains 16.20% of iron; thus carrying in the compound 42.55%of carbon and other chemicals which fuse at the high temperature of 2500degrees Fahr., such compound rendering the employment of borax, or otherfluxes, unnecessary, and

forming a metal element insert between the high speed or tool steel andthe'soft steel or The analysis of the carbonate of iron shows theresence of carbon 0.01%; silicon 0.02%; sul ur 0.02%; and phosphorus0.04%. When the metals and the weldlng compound are brought to a meltingheat, approximately 2300 degrees F ahr., or about 200 degrees Fahr.,below welding heat, there is afforded ample opportunity for this welding"compound to melt or fuse, and thus produce tool steel and soft steel oriron to produce an actual cohesion between the adjacent molecules,forming an autogenous weld, at the temperature of approximately 2500degrees Fahr.

WVhat is claimed is:

.1. The herein described process to unite high speed or tool steel to astock of softer metal consisting in placing upon the softer metal apulverized mixture of ferromanganose and ferrous carbonate; cleaning theharder metal and placing it incontact with the softer metal with thepulverized mixture therebetween; subjecting the two contacting metalsfor a period approximating ten minutes to a temperature approximately2300 degrees Fahr.; increasing the temperature to appromixately 2500degrees Fahn; and removing the united metals to cool.

2. The herein described process to unite high speed or tool steel to astockof softer metal, consisting in placing upon the softer metal apulverized mixture of ferro-manga nese and ferrous carbonate; cleaningthe harder metal and placing it in contact with the softer metal withthe pulverized mixture therebetween; subjecting the two contactingmetals for a period approximating ten minutes to a temperature ofapproximately 2300 degrees Fahr.; increasing" the temperature toapproximately 2500 degrees Fahn; and removing the metals and subjectingtheir points of juncture to a pressure a In testimonyQthat I claim theforegoing as my own, I have hereto afiixed my signature in the presenceof two witnesses.

DELANEY ARKWRIGHT, JR. Witnesses:

W. S. WATSON, v v F. W. DICKINSON.

